Music

The Well-Tempered Clavier, BWV 846-893, consists of two sets of preludes and fugues in all 24 major and minor keys for keyboard by Johann Sebastian Bach. In the composer's time clavier referred to a variety of keyboard instruments

The Year 1812, Solemn Overture, Op. 49, popularly known as the 1812 Overture, is a concert overture in E♭ major written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The piece commemorates Russia's successful defence again

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899, May 24, 1974) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and leader of his eponymous jazz orchestra from 1924 through the rest of his life. Music critic Ralph J. Gleason called him "A

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( VAIR-dee; Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi]; 9 or 10 October 1813 - 27 January 1901) was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He was born near Busseto, a small town in the modern province of Parma, to a family of moderate means, receiving a musical education with the help of a local patron named Antonio Barezzi.

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (1858 - 1924) was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Widely regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he was descended from a long line of composers, stemming from the late Baroque era.

Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 - 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term.

Jean Sibelius (; Finland Swedish: [ˈʃɑːn siˈbeːliʉs] ; born Johan Christian Julius Sibelius; 8 December 1865 - 20 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often credited with having helped Finland develop a stronger national identity when the country was struggling from several attempts at Russification in the late 19th century.

Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks (November 30, 1912 - March 7, 2006) was an American photographer, composer, author, poet, and filmmaker, who became prominent in U.S. documentary photojournalism in the 1940s through 1970s-particularly in issues of civil rights, poverty and African Americans-and in glamour photography.

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 - 4 November 1847), simply known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic era. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music.

Robert Schumann (; German: [ˈʁoːbɐ̯t ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 - 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber groups, orchestra, choir and the opera.

Aaron Copland ( KOHP-lənd; November 14, 1900 - December 2, 1990) was an American composer, critic, writer, teacher, pianist, and conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as the "Dean of American Music".

Fatima Ibrahim es-Sayyid el-Beltagi (4 May 1904 - 3 February 1975), known by her stage name Umm Kulthum, was an Egyptian singer and film actress. She was given the honorific title Kawkab el-Sharq (Egyptian Arabic: كوكب الشرق, lit. 'Planet of the East').

Freda Josephine Baker (née McDonald; June 3, 1906 - April 12, 1975) was an American-born French dancer, singer, and actress, and a spy for the French Resistance. Her career was centered primarily in Europe, mostly in France.

Georges Bizet (né Alexandre César Léopold Bizet; 25 October 1838 - 3 June 1875) was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire.

Richard Georg Strauss (; German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈʃtʁaʊs] ; 11 June 1864 - 8 September 1949) was a German composer and conductor known for his tone poems and operas. He was a leading figure of the late Romantic and early Modern era.

Nina Simone ( NEE-nə sim-OHN; born Eunice Kathleen Waymon; February 21, 1933 - April 21, 2003) was an American composer, concert pianist, singer, songwriter, and civil rights activist. Simone's bearing and stage presence earned her the title the High Priestess of Soul.

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 - June 15, 1996) was an American jazz vocalist, songwriter and composer, sometimes referred to as the "First Lady of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing.

Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 1874 - 13 July 1951) was an Austrian and American modernist composer, music theorist, and teacher associated with developing variation, the emancipation of the dissonance, and twelve-tone composition.

Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7, 1915 - July 17, 1959) was an American jazz and swing music singer. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and music partner, Lester Young, Holiday made significant contributions to jazz music and pop singing.

Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 - May 14, 1998) was an American singer, conductor, and actor. Nicknamed the "Chairman of the Board" and "Ol' Blue Eyes", he is regarded as one of the most influential entertainers of the 20th century.

Aretha Louise Franklin ( ə-REE-thə; March 25, 1942 - August 16, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Regarded as the "Queen of Soul", she was twice named by Rolling Stone magazine as the greatest singer of all time.

Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 - June 10, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and was often referred to by contemporaries as "The Genius".

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 - September 18, 1970) was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential guitarists of all time.

Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 - 24 November 1991) was a British singer and songwriter who achieved global fame as the lead vocalist and pianist of the rock band Queen. Regarded as one of the greatest singers in the history of rock music, he is known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range.

Robert Nesta Marley (6 February 1945 - 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggae singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Considered one of the pioneers of the genre, he was renowned for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style.

Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803-8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer, conductor and critic. His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the R

Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( GREEG; Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 - 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide.

Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (18 March 1844 - 21 June 1908) was a Russian composer, a member of the group of composers known as The Five. His best-known orchestral compositions-Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade-are staples of the classical music repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his fifteen operas.

Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 - August 16, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll", he is widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant figures of the 20th century.

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 - June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant figures of the 20th century.

James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933, December 25, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, musician, and record producer. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th-century music, he is referred to by va

(né Gay; April 2, 1939 - April 1, 1984) was an American R&B and soul singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. Commonly referred to as the "Prince of Motown" and "Prince of Soul", he helped to shape the sound of Motown and soul music in the 1960s and 1970s.

Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 - June 22, 1987) was an American dancer, actor, singer, musician, choreographer, and presenter, whose career in stage, film, and television spanned 76 years. He is widely regarded as the "greatest popular-music dancer of all time".

Ginger Rogers (born Virginia Katherine McMath; July 16, 1911 - April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer, and singer during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her starring role in Kitty Foyle (1940), and performed during the 1930s in RKO's musical films with Fred Astaire.

Enrico Caruso (25 February 1873 - 2 August 1921) was an Italian operatic tenor, who sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles that ranged from the lyric to the dramatic.

Édith Giovanna Gassion (19 December 1915-10 October 1963), known as Édith Piaf (French: [edit pjaf]), was a French singer and lyricist. She is regarded as France's greatest popular singer and one of the most celebrated performer

Pandit Ravi Shankar (Bengali: [ˈrobi ˈʃɔŋkor]; born Robindro Shaunkor Chowdhury, sometimes spelled as Ravindra Shankar Chowdhury; 7 April 1920 - 11 December 2012) was an Indian sitarist and composer. A sitar virtuoso, he became the world's best-known exponent of Indian classical music in the second half of the 20th century, and influenced many musicians in India and throughout the world.

Eugene Curran Kelly (August 23, 1912 - February 2, 1996) was an American dancer, actor, singer, director and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style.

Rabah Driassa (19 August 1934 - 8 October 2021) was an Algerian painter and singer interpreting folk music.

was a French composer

was a Classical composer and musician

an American trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and painter

was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist

a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor, best known for his operas

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( chy-KOF-skee; 7 May 1840 - 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 - 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist, and impresario of Baroque music.

was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher

an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer

was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation

was a German composer, pianist, and conductor

a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor

5 June] 1882 - 6 April 1971) was a Russian composer and conductor with French (from 1934) and American citizenship (from 1945).

was a German-British Baroque composer well-known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concerti.

was a Czech composer

is a studio album by American jazz musician Miles Davis

is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky

is an album by the American jazz saxophonist and composer John Coltrane.

was a French composer and pianist

is an English artist, writer, broadcaster, performer, drag act and singer

was a French Romantic composer

was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five

was a Nigerian musician and political activist

was a South African singer, songwriter, actress, and civil rights activist

was a Cape Verdean singer

was a Cuban-American singer and one of the most popular Latin artists of the 20th century

was a French-born Argentine singer, composer and actor, and the most prominent figure in the history of tango

was a Brazilian guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer

is a Lebanese singer

was a Pakistani singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and music director, primarily associated with qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music from Pakistan and India

was an Indian playback singer and occasional music composer

was a Portuguese fado singer (fadista)

is a Senegalese singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and politician

was a Spanish Romani flamenco dancer and singer, born in the Somorrostro district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

was a Chinese Peking opera singer of Manchu descent

was a Taiwanese singer, television personality, musician, and philanthropist

was a Japanese singer and actress

is a South Korean singer-songwriter

was an Argentine singer

is a Malian singer-songwriter, referred to as the "Golden Voice of Africa"

was a Jamaican singer and songwriter

was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor

was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist

was an English composer, many of

was an Italian composer and teacher of the classical period

was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and classical guitarist described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music"

was a Japanese composer of contemporary classical music and writer on music

was an Italian playwright, actor, theatre director, stage designer, songwriter, political campaigner for the Italian left wing and the recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature

was an American singer, actress, film producer, and record producer

was an American singer and songwriter

was an American gospel singer, widely considered one of the most influential vocalists of the 20th century

was a French and Armenian singer-songwriter, actor, and diplomat

was a Syrian-Egyptian singer, oudist, composer, and actor

was an Italian naturalized French singer and actress

The Symphony No. 9 in E minor, "From the New World", Op. 95, B. 178 (Czech: Symfonie č. 9 e moll "Z nového světa"), also known as the New World Symphony, was composed by Antonín Dvořák in 1893 while he was the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America from 1892 to 1895.

Boléro is a 1928 work for large orchestra by French composer Maurice Ravel.

The Nocturnes, Op. 9 are a set of three nocturnes for solo piano written by Frédéric Chopin between 1831 and 1832, published in 1832, and dedicated to Madame Marie Pleyel.

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 in C-sharp minor, S.244/2, is the second in a set of 19 such rhapsodies for piano solo by Franz Liszt.

Among his notable works are the opera Bluebeard's Castle, the ballet The Miraculous Mandarin, Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta, the Concerto for Orchestra and six string quartets.

He was one of the foremost French composers of his generation, and his musical style influenced many 20th-century composers.

Saint-Saëns was a musical prodigy; he made his concert debut at the age of ten.

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