Arts and Music Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
75 statements.
Folk Music, Place of OriginNo single point of origin; the English term entered use via the German Volk, applied to national and traditional song by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics.
Folk Music, Art Forms
Standing
Concerns Place of Origin
Currently States No single point of origin; the English term entered use via the German Volk, applied to national and traditional song by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics.
Traditional folk music has no single point of origin across world cultures; only the English term itself has a traceable origin.
Source Folk Music (Wikipedia)
Girl with a Pearl Earring, Year Created1665
Girl with a Pearl Earring, Works
Standing
Concerns Year Created
Currently States 1665
Wikipedia dates it only c. 1665; not an exact year.
Source Wikipedia
Giuseppe Verdi, Birth Date1813-10-09
Giuseppe Verdi, Artists
Standing
Concerns Birth Date
Currently States 1813-10-09
The baptismal register, prepared 11 October 1813, lists Verdi as "born yesterday"; since days were often considered to begin at sunset, this could mean either 9 or 10 October. Verdi himself always celebrated 9 October.
Source Giuseppe Verdi (Wikipedia)
Gothic Architecture, End Year1500
Gothic Architecture, Movements
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1500
Gothic forms persisted regionally well past 1500, including Flamboyant Gothic in France and Perpendicular Gothic in England, even as Renaissance forms displaced the style elsewhere in Europe from the fifteenth century onward, so no single end date is agreed.
Source Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Fred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Gundestrup Cauldron, DescriptionA large, richly decorated silver vessel found dismantled in a peat bog near Gundestrup, Denmark, in 1891 and dated to roughly between 150 BCE and the start of the common era. Its panels of gods, animals and ritual scenes, whose exact origin and iconography remain debated among Celtic and Thracian influences, make it one of the most studied objects of Iron Age European metalwork.
Gundestrup Cauldron, Works
Standing
Concerns Description
Currently States A large, richly decorated silver vessel found dismantled in a peat bog near Gundestrup, Denmark, in 1891 and dated to roughly between 150 BCE and the start of the common era. Its panels of gods, animals and ritual scenes, whose exact origin and iconography remain debated among Celtic and Thracian influences, make it one of the most studied objects of Iron Age European metalwork.
Source Wikipedia
Gundestrup Cauldron, Year Created150 BCE
Hieronymus Bosch, Birth Year1450
Hieronymus Bosch, Artists
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1450
Wikipedia gives his birth year as circa 1450 only; not precisely documented.
Source Wikipedia
High Renaissance, Start Year1490
High Renaissance, Movements
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1490
Most art historians place the start between 1490 and 1500 and the end in 1520 with Raphael's death; not an exact year.
Source Wikipedia
Impressionism, End Year1886
Impressionism, Movements
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1886
1886, the year of the movement's eighth and final group exhibition in Paris, is the conventional closing date, though individual Impressionist painters continued working in the style for years afterward and the boundary with Post-Impressionism is gradual rather than sharp.
Source Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Fred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
International Style, End Year1970
International Style, Movements
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1970
No sharp close; its dominance is generally described as waning through the 1960s and 1970s as postmodern architecture emerged in reaction to it, and 1970 is used here only as a round marker within that gradual decline.
Source Gardner's Art Through the Ages, Fred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Jazz, Start Year1900
Jazz, Movements
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1900
Historians place jazz emergence across a range from the 1890s through the 1910s in New Orleans, with no single agreed date. 1900 is used here as a round marker within that range; the first jazz recording, by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, was not made until 1917.
Source The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Stanley Sadie, editor (successive editions)
La Classe de Danse, Year Created1873
La Classe de Danse, Works
Standing
Concerns Year Created
Currently States 1873
Museum dating gives a range of circa 1871 to 1874 rather than a single year; 1873 is used here as the midpoint estimate.
Source Musee d'Orsay
Laoöcon and His Sons, DescriptionA monumental marble sculpture depicting the Trojan priest Laoöcon and his two sons being crushed by sea serpents, traditionally attributed to the Rhodian sculptors Agesander, Athenodoros and Polydorus. Rediscovered in Rome in 1506, it profoundly influenced Renaissance and Baroque depictions of the human body in extreme physical and emotional distress.
Laoöcon and His Sons, Works
Standing
Concerns Description
Currently States A monumental marble sculpture depicting the Trojan priest Laoöcon and his two sons being crushed by sea serpents, traditionally attributed to the Rhodian sculptors Agesander, Athenodoros and Polydorus. Rediscovered in Rome in 1506, it profoundly influenced Renaissance and Baroque depictions of the human body in extreme physical and emotional distress.
Source Wikipedia
Laoöcon and His Sons, Year Created200 BCE
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, MottoGod is in the details
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Artists
Standing
Concerns Motto
Currently States God is in the details
Attributed to Mies in his New York Times obituary (1969), but no documented instance of him saying or writing it has surfaced. The German form, "Der liebe Gott steckt im Detail," is usually credited to art historian Aby Warburg, from a 1925-26 Hamburg seminar title; a French form is credited to Gustave Flaubert.
Source Wikipedia
Ludwig van Beethoven, Birth Date1770-12-16
Ludwig van Beethoven, Artists
Standing
Concerns Birth Date
Currently States 1770-12-16
Beethoven's exact birth date was never recorded; he was baptised on 17 December 1770, and 16 December is traditionally observed as his birthday.
Source Wikipedia
Minimalism, Start Year1960
Minimalism, Movements
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1960
Sources describe an early-1960s emergence in New York without naming a single founding date or event; 1960 is used here as a round approximate marker.
Source TheArtStory
Minimalism, End Year1969
Minimalism, Movements
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1969
TheArtStory dates Minimalism's active period to the early through late 1960s, noting the style diversified into other disciplines within a few years of its birth rather than ending at one event; 1969 marks the close of that decade.
Source TheArtStory
Modernism, Start Year1880
Modernism, Movements
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1880
Modernism's starting point is dated differently by art form and by historian, from Manet's challenges to academic painting in the 1860s to the more commonly cited turn of the century flowering across the arts; 1880 is a conventional midpoint marker, not a fixed origin.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Modernism, End Year1945
Modernism, Movements
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1945
Some historians place Modernism's close at the end of the Second World War, when Postmodern currents began emerging; others argue Modernist practice continued in some art forms, including architecture and music, well into the later twentieth century, so no single end date is fully agreed.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica editors