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Pollice Verso (Gérôme)

History, Religious and Mythological Paintings

Pollice Verso is an 1872 oil painting by the French academic painter Jean-Leon Gerome, set in the Colosseum of ancient Rome. It shows a crowd of spectators, including the Vestal Virgins, turning their thumbs down toward a triumphant murmillo gladiator standing over a defeated retiarius, who raises two fingers in a plea for mercy. The painting popularized the pollice verso gesture as a symbol of a crowd deciding a beaten fighter's fate, and it went on to inspire the thumbs-down gesture used in the 2000 film Gladiator. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Painting 1
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Painting, Art Forms

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

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1. Pollice Verso (Gérôme) (Wikipedia)
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Pollice Verso is an 1872 oil painting by the French academic painter Jean-Leon Gerome, set in the Colosseum of ancient Rome.
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