Florence, in the Republic of Florence (present-day Italy)

Place founded groups movements by the city or country where each one began. Wikipedia states, "Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality," a tradition rooted in specific European centers before movements spread elsewhere. Browsing by place shows where a movement's ideas first took hold.