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Art Form

Lied

LEET (rhymes with English "seat"); plural Lieder, LEE-der
Musical Forms

The Lied, German for song, is a form of German art song for solo voice and piano developed to set poetry to music with the piano carrying as much expressive weight as the voice. Settings in German existed before 1400, but the Lied as it is known today emerged from the Romantic movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, coinciding with the rise of a poetry-reading middle class in the wake of the French Revolution. It takes two basic musical shapes, strophic, in which every stanza of a poem is set to the same repeated music, and through-composed, in which the music changes with each stanza to track the poem's shifting sense. Franz Schubert, who set more than seventy poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe out of over six hundred songs in his short life, became the form's acknowledged pioneering master, and every generation of German composers who wrote Lieder through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries counted him as such.

Facts
Medium
German-language poetry set for solo voice with piano accompaniment 1
Signature Technique
Through-composed setting (durchkomponiert): distinct music written for every line of the poem with no repeat signs, as opposed to a strophic setting that repeats the same music for each stanza. 2
Place of Origin
Germany; the earliest Lieder date from the late fourteenth or early fifteenth centuries, though the genre is generally said to have come fully into its own only in the songs of Franz Schubert. 2
Notable Example
Franz Schubert's Erlkonig (1815), a through-composed setting of Goethe's poem often cited as the work in which the Lied became a fully mature art form. 2
Connections

Associated With

Romanticism, Movements

Practitioners

Source Schubert's Lieder: Settings of Goethe's Poems (OpenLearn, The Open University)

Works In This Form

Erlkonig, Works
Source Schubert's Lieder: Settings of Goethe's Poems (OpenLearn, The Open University)
Source Schubert's Lieder: Settings of Goethe's Poems (OpenLearn, The Open University)
Sources
1. Schubert's Lieder: Settings of Goethe's Poems (OpenLearn, The Open University)
The Open University
  • Schubert and the Lied section
  • Practitioners: Franz Schubert
  • Works In This Form: Erlkonig
  • Works In This Form: Gretchen am Spinnrade
View the Source
2. Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Lied, Strophic vs. through-composed settings section
    In a through-composed song (German 'durchkomponiert'), there are no repeat signs, and the composer is free...to write distinct music for all of the lines of the poem.
  • Lied, Introduction and The mainstream lied tradition in classical music sections
    The earliest Lieder date from the late fourteenth or early fifteenth centuries...It is in the songs of Franz Schubert that the genre came into its own.
  • Lied, The mainstream lied tradition in classical music section
    It is in the songs of Franz Schubert that the genre came into its own.
View the Source

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