The Bauhaus was a German school of art, craft and design founded by the architect Walter Gropius in Weimar in 1919, relocated to Dessau in 1925, and closed under Nazi pressure in 1933 after a final year in Berlin under its last director, the architect Mies van der Rohe. Its curriculum was built on the ambition, in Gropius's own phrase, of a new unity of art and technology, training students across workshops in furniture, textiles, typography, metalwork and architecture to design objects and buildings suited to industrial manufacture rather than handcraft alone. Bauhaus design favored geometric clarity, primary colors and the visible honesty of materials and construction, an aesthetic that spread internationally as faculty and students emigrated after the school closure, several of them continuing careers in the United States that carried Bauhaus thinking directly into the American strand of architectural Modernism later named the International Style.
Facts
Founded In Place Key PrincipleThe unification of fine art, craft and industrial technology into a single functional design practice 1 Connections
Associated With
Source Gardner's Art Through the AgesFred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Directed By
Third and last director of the Bauhaus. Appointed 1930, succeeding Hannes Meyer. Moved the school to Berlin as a private institute after Dessau closed it in 1932, then announced its dissolution in August 1933 rather than continue under Nazi terms.
Source Wikipedia
Expressed In
Source Gardner's Art Through the AgesFred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Influenced
Bauhaus figures including Gropius and Mies van der Rohe were featured architects in the 1932 exhibition that named and defined the International Style.
Source Gardner's Art Through the AgesFred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Influenced By
Movement Members
Studied and taught textiles at the Bauhaus.
Bauhaus metal workshop designer.
Founded the school in 1919 and directed it until 1928, before Mies van der Rohe own later directorship.
Source Wikipedia
Bauhaus student and designer.
Movements
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Sources
1. Gardner's Art Through the Ages
Fred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner), Cengage Learningchapter on the Bauhaus
Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation- Directed By: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe article, Bauhaus directorship
- Movement Members: Walter Gropius, Walter Gropius article
Influenced By: Arts and Crafts Movement, Bauhaus, Weimar section
Gropius, still very much under the influence of William Morris and the British Arts and Crafts Movement...
View the Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.Movements: Ceramics, Gerhard Marcks, britannica.com/biography/Gerhard-MarcksView the Source Frequently Asked Questions
Why did the Bauhaus close?
Nazi political pressure closed it in 1933, after a final year operating in Berlin under its last director, the architect Mies van der Rohe. The school had been founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar in 1919 and relocated to Dessau in 1925. Its closure scattered its faculty and students abroad, several of whom continued careers in the United States and carried Bauhaus thinking directly into the American strand of architectural Modernism later named the International Style.
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