Non-Italian Renaissance

Painters of the Renaissance working outside Italy, principally the Early Netherlandish, German, Flemish, Spanish and French traditions of the fifteenth and sixteenth century, who developed oil-glazing technique, detailed naturalism and portraiture independently of, and in exchange with, the Italian schools. This group gathers painters whose own period and stylistic break from medieval and Gothic convention matches the Renaissance, but whose training, patronage and working centers lie north or west of Italy; it excludes the Italian schools themselves, gathered under Italian Renaissance, and excludes later Baroque-era painters from the same regions, gathered under Non-Italian Baroque and Rococo.