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Art Form

Sculpture

Sculptural and Object Arts

Sculpture is the art of working hard or plastic materials into three dimensional objects, whether freestanding, in relief on a surface, or as an environment surrounding the viewer. Four core techniques define the craft: carving, a subtractive process cutting material away from a solid mass such as stone, wood, ivory or bone; modeling, an additive process building up a shape from a soft plastic material such as clay, wax or plaster; casting, in which a mold is made and a liquid material such as molten metal is poured into it; and, as a twentieth century addition, constructing or assembling, in which artists bend, weld, bolt or otherwise join a variety of materials and found objects, a technique that grew out of Pablo Picasso's Cubist constructions made from scrap materials and fed into later movements such as Constructivism. The earliest carved forms are thought to have been simple figures scratched into rock surfaces, and clay has been shaped into sculptural and ceramic form since the earliest periods of human craft. Across its long history sculpture has moved from small portable figures and relief carving toward monumental freestanding works in stone and bronze, and in the modern era toward constructed and assembled forms using industrial and found materials.

Facts
Medium
Hard or plastic materials, among them stone, wood, clay, wax, bone, ivory and cast metal, shaped through carving, modeling, casting or, in modern practice, constructing and assembling. 1
Signature Technique
Carving, the removal of material, and modelling, the addition of material such as clay, in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials; casting later extended this by pouring liquid metal or glass into a mould. 2
Place of Origin
Germany; the earliest known sculpture, the Lowenmensch, a roughly 30cm anthropomorphic lion-human figure carved from woolly mammoth ivory found in the Hohlenstein Stadel, is dated to about 35,000 to 40,000 years before the present. 2
Notable Example
The Dying Gaul, also called the Capitoline Gaul, a Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic bronze original from the late 3rd century BC. 2
Connections

Associated With

Assemblage, Art Forms

Sculpture's own deepened description names constructing and assembling as a fourth core sculptural technique, alongside carving, modeling and casting.

Source Assemblage (Britannica)
Direct Carving, Artistic Techniques

direct carving is a technique of the sculpture art form.

Lost-Wax Casting, Artistic Techniques

lost wax casting is a technique of the sculpture art form.

Metalwork, Art Forms
Source Wikipedia
Wood Carving, Art Forms

Wood carving is one of the oldest sculptural techniques, historically understood as a branch of the broader art of sculpture.

Genre Of

Angel of the North, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Angono Petroglyphs, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Anubanini rock relief, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Anyanwu, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Apollo and Daphne (Bernini), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Aztec Sun Stone, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Bangudae Petroglyphs, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Bedolina Map, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Benin Bronzes, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Bird in Space, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Bronze Horseman, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Cloud Gate, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Cochno Stone, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

David, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Discobolus, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Fountain, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Ife Head, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Inga Stone, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Knife Angel, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Laoöcon and His Sons, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Maman (Louise Bourgeois), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Moses (Michelangelo), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Nefertiti Bust, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Perseus with the Head of Medusa, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Pieta (Michelangelo), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Prince of the Lilies, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Rock carvings at Alta, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Seated Woman with Bent Knees, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Single Form (Hepworth), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Terracotta Army, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

The Burghers of Calais, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

The Kiss (Rodin), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

The Thinker, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

The Waltz (Camille Claudel), Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Ughtasar Petroglyphs, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Venus de Milo, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Venus of Willendorf, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Virgin of Almudena, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Winged Victory of Samothrace, Works

Entity-backed identity for the genre enum value this work already carries, resolved to an arts art-form by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The genre fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the work unchanged.

Movements

Constructivism, Movements
Source Tate
Dada, Movements

Duchamp's readymades and Arp's reliefs are the movement's primary surviving object-based works, closest among this atlas's art forms to sculpture.

Source Tate
Early Renaissance, Movements
Futurism, Movements
Source Tate
High Renaissance, Movements
Source Wikipedia
Neoclassicism, Movements
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Renaissance, Movements
Source Gardner's Art Through the AgesFred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Romanesque Art, Movements
Socialist Realism, Movements

Practitioners

Alberto Giacometti, Artists
Source Alberto Giacometti (Wikipedia)
Alexander Archipenko, Artists
Source Alexander Archipenko (Wikipedia)
Alexander Calder, Artists
Source Alexander Calder, Wikipedia
Amedeo Modigliani, Artists
Source Amedeo Modigliani - Wikipedia
Andrea del Verrocchio, Artists
Source Andrea del Verrocchio (Wikipedia)
Anish Kapoor, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Anish Kapoor
Anthony Caro, Artists
Source Anthony Caro (Wikipedia)
Antonio Canova, Artists
Source Antonio Canova (Wikipedia)
Antonio Gherardi, Artists
Source Antonio Gherardi (Wikipedia)
Antony Gormley, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Antony Gormley
Aristide Maillol, Artists
Source Aristide Maillol (Wikipedia)
Augusta Savage, Artists
Source Augusta Savage (Wikipedia)
Auguste Rodin, Artists
Source Auguste Rodin, Wikipedia
Barbara Hepworth, Artists
Source Barbara Hepworth - Wikipedia
Ben Enwonwu, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Ben Enwonwu
Benvenuto Cellini, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Benvenuto Cellini
Camille Claudel, Artists
Source Camille Claudel (Wikipedia)
Claes Oldenburg, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Claes Oldenburg
Dale Chihuly, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Dale Chihuly
Daniel Chester French, Artists
Source Daniel Chester French (Wikipedia)
Do Ho Suh, Artists
Source Do Ho Suh (Wikipedia)
Donatello, Artists
Source Donatello (Wikipedia)
Duane Hanson, Artists
Source Duane Hanson (Wikipedia)
Eduardo Paolozzi, Artists
Source Eduardo Paolozzi (Wikipedia)
El Anatsui, Artists
Source Wikipedia: El Anatsui
Elizabeth Catlett, Artists
Source Elizabeth Catlett (Wikipedia)
Faith Ringgold, Artists
Source Faith Ringgold - Wikipedia
Fernando Botero, Artists
Source Fernando Botero (Wikipedia)
Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, Artists
Source Wikidata: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
Frederic Remington, Artists
Source Frederic Remington (Wikipedia)
Giambologna, Artists
Source Giambologna (Wikipedia)
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Artists
Source Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Wikipedia)
Gutzon Borglum, Artists
Source Gutzon Borglum (Wikipedia)
Hans Arp, Artists
Source Wikipedia
Herbert Bayer, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Herbert Bayer
Honoré Daumier, Artists
Source Wikidata: Honoré Daumier
Jacob Epstein, Artists
Source Jacob Epstein (Wikipedia)
Jean-Antoine Houdon, Artists
Source Jean-Antoine Houdon (Wikipedia)
Joan Miró, Artists
Source Wikidata: Joan Miró
Lorenzo Ghiberti, Artists
Source Lorenzo Ghiberti (Wikipedia)
Louise Bourgeois, Artists
Source Louise Bourgeois - Wikipedia
Louise Nevelson, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Louise Nevelson
Luca della Robbia, Artists
Source Luca della Robbia (Wikipedia)
Luis Desangles, Artists
Source Luis Desangles (Wikipedia)
Magdalena Abakanowicz, Artists
Source Magdalena Abakanowicz - Wikipedia
Marcel Duchamp, Artists
Source Wikipedia
Marianne Brandt, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Marianne Brandt
Marisol Escobar, Artists
Source Marisol Escobar (Wikipedia)
Max Ernst, Artists
Source Max Ernst (Wikipedia)
Medardo Rosso, Artists
Source Medardo Rosso (Wikipedia)
Michelangelo, Artists
Source Gardner's Art Through the AgesFred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Naum Gabo, Artists
Source Naum Gabo (Wikipedia)
Niki de Saint Phalle, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Niki de Saint Phalle
Pablo Picasso, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Wikipedia
Paul Gauguin, Artists
Source Paul Gauguin (Wikipedia)
Phidias, Artists
Source Phidias - Wikipedia
Polykleitos, Artists
Source Polykleitos (Wikipedia)
Praxiteles, Artists
Source Praxiteles - Wikipedia
Rosa Bonheur, Artists
Source Rosa Bonheur (Wikipedia)
Thomas Eakins, Artists
Source Thomas Eakins (Wikipedia)
Toshiko Takaezu, Artists
Source Wikipedia: Toshiko Takaezu
Umberto Boccioni, Artists
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Vladimir Tatlin, Artists
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Yayoi Kusama, Artists
Source Yayoi Kusama (Wikipedia)

Works In This Form

Angel of the North, Works
Source Angel of the North (Wikipedia)
Anubanini rock relief, Works
Source Anubanini rock relief (Wikipedia)
Apollo and Daphne (Bernini), Works
Source Apollo and Daphne (Bernini) (Wikipedia)
Aztec Sun Stone, Works
Source Wikipedia
Bird in Space, Works
Source Bird in Space (Wikipedia)
Bronze Horseman, Works

Equestrian bronze statue of Peter the Great.

Cloud Gate, Works
Source Cloud Gate (Wikipedia)
David, Works
Source Gardner's Art Through the AgesFred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner)
Discobolus, Works
Source Wikipedia
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Works
Source Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (Wikipedia)
Fountain, Works

Museums generally class Fountain as a readymade rather than label it plainly a sculpture; the atlas's own Sculpture description already accounts for this twentieth century expansion of the medium through assemblage and found objects.

Source Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917/1964 (SFMOMA)
Ife Head, Works

Naturalistic bronze and terracotta head sculpture from the Yoruba city of Ife.

Knife Angel, Works
Source Knife Angel (Wikipedia)
Laoöcon and His Sons, Works
Source Wikipedia
Moses (Michelangelo), Works
Source Moses (Michelangelo) (Wikipedia)
Nefertiti Bust, Works
Source Wikipedia
Perseus with the Head of Medusa, Works
Source Perseus with the Head of Medusa (Wikipedia)
Single Form (Hepworth), Works
Source Single Form - Wikipedia
Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Works

Chryselephantine cult statue, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Terracotta Army, Works
Source Wikipedia
The Burghers of Calais, Works
Source The Burghers of Calais (Wikipedia)
The Kiss (Rodin), Works
Source The Kiss (Rodin sculpture) (Wikipedia)
The Thinker, Works
Source The Thinker (Wikipedia)
The Waltz (Camille Claudel), Works
Source The Waltz (Claudel) - Wikipedia
Trajan's Column, Works

Roman commemorative relief-carved column.

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, Works
Source Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (Wikipedia)
Untitled (Stack), Works
Venus de Milo, Works
Source Wikipedia
Venus of Willendorf, Works

Prehistoric limestone figurine.

Virgin of Almudena, Works
Source Virgin of Almudena (Wikipedia)
Warka Vase, Works

Sumerian carved alabaster ritual vessel.

Warwick Vase, Works

Large ancient Roman marble vase, a copy of a Greek original.

Winged Victory of Samothrace, Works
Source Wikipedia
Sources
1. Tate
Tate, United Kingdom
  • Art Terms: Sculpture
    Three-dimensional art made by one of four basic processes: carving, modelling, casting, constructing
  • Movements: Dada
  • Movements: Futurism, Art Terms: Futurism
  • Movements: Constructivism, Art Terms: Constructivism
View the Source
2. Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Sculpture, opening section and Metal section
    Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials
  • Sculpture, Prehistoric periods, Europe section
    The 30 cm tall Lowenmensch found in the Hohlenstein Stadel area of Germany is an anthropomorphic lion-human figure carved from woolly mammoth ivory. It has been dated to about 35-40,000 BP.
  • Sculpture, Introduction section
    Dying Gaul, or The Capitoline Gaul...a Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic work of the late 3rd century BCE
  • Practitioners: Marcel Duchamp
  • Practitioners: Hans Arp
  • Movements: High Renaissance, High Renaissance, Wikipedia summary, expressed-in sculpture
  • Associated With: Metalwork, Benin Bronzes, The works section
    The metal pieces were made using lost-wax casting and are considered among the best African sculptures made using this technique.
  • Works In This Form: Venus de Milo
  • Works In This Form: Discobolus
  • Works In This Form: Nefertiti Bust
  • Works In This Form: Winged Victory of Samothrace
  • Works In This Form: Terracotta Army
  • Works In This Form: Aztec Sun Stone
  • Works In This Form: Laoöcon and His Sons
View the Source
Gardner's Art Through the Ages
Fred S. Kleiner (after Helen Gardner), Cengage Learning
  • chapter on the history and techniques of sculpture
  • Practitioners: Michelangelo, chapter on the High Renaissance, section on Michelangelo
  • Works In This Form: David, chapter on the High Renaissance, section on Michelangelo
  • Movements: Renaissance, chapters on the Italian Renaissance
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917/1964 (SFMOMA)
San Francisco Museum of Modern ArtWorks In This Form: FountainView the Source
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
  • Movements: Neoclassicism, Neoclassical Art
  • Practitioners: Umberto Boccioni, Umberto Boccioni
  • Practitioners: Vladimir Tatlin, Vladimir Tatlin
View the Source
Assemblage (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaAssociated With: AssemblageView the Source
Wikipedia: Wikipedia
Practitioners: Pablo Picasso, Pablo Picasso article, lead section, achievements sentence
Quote, Practitioners: Pablo Picasso, Pablo Picasso article, lead section, achievements sentence
he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage
View the Source
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, lead paragraph
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (Italian: Forme uniche della continuità nello spazio) is a 1913 Futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni. It is seen as an expression of movement and fluidity. The sculpture is depicted on the obv
View the Source
The Thinker (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: The Thinker, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: The Thinker, lead paragraph
The Thinker (French: Le Penseur), by Auguste Rodin, is a bronze sculpture depicting a nude male figure of heroic size, seated on a large rock, leaning forward, his right elbow placed upon his left thigh, with the back of his right
View the Source
Moses (Michelangelo) (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Moses (Michelangelo), lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Moses (Michelangelo), lead paragraph
Moses (Italian: Mosè [moˈzɛ]; c. 1513-1515) is a sculpture by the Italian High Renaissance artist Michelangelo, housed in the Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. Commissioned in 1505 by Pope Julius II for his tomb, it depic
View the Source
Perseus with the Head of Medusa (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Perseus with the Head of Medusa, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Perseus with the Head of Medusa, lead paragraph
Perseus with the Head of Medusa is a bronze sculpture made by Benvenuto Cellini in the period 1545-1554. The sculpture stands on a square base which has bronze relief panels depicting the story of Perseus and Andromeda, similar to
View the Source
Apollo and Daphne (Bernini) (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Apollo and Daphne (Bernini), lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Apollo and Daphne (Bernini), lead paragraph
Apollo and Daphne is a life-sized marble sculpture by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, which was executed between 1622 and 1625. It is regarded as one of the artistic marvels of the Baroque age. The statue is housed in the
View the Source
Cloud Gate (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Cloud Gate, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Cloud Gate, lead paragraph
Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by artist Anish Kapoor that is the centerpiece of Grainger Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Constructed between 2004 and 2006, the sculpture
View the Source
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, lead paragraph
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (also known as Saint Teresa in Ecstasy; Italian: L'Estasi di Santa Teresa or Santa Teresa in estasi) is a sculptural altarpiece group in white marble set in an elevated aedicule in the Cornaro Chapel of
View the Source
The Burghers of Calais (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: The Burghers of Calais, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: The Burghers of Calais, lead paragraph
The Burghers of Calais (French: Les Bourgeois de Calais) is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin in 12 original castings and numerous copies. It commemorates an event during the Hundred Years' War, when Calais, a French port on the Englis
View the Source
Bird in Space (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Bird in Space, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Bird in Space, lead paragraph
Bird in Space (L'Oiseau dans l'espace) is a series of sculptures by Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși. The original work was created in 1923 and made of marble. This sculpture is also known for containing seven marble figures
View the Source
Angel of the North (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Angel of the North, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Angel of the North, lead paragraph
The Angel of the North is a contemporary sculpture by Antony Gormley, located in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. Completed in 1998, it is seen by an estimated 33 million people every year due to its proximity to the A1 and A167
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Yayoi Kusama (Wikipedia)
Practitioners: Yayoi Kusama, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Yayoi Kusama, lead paragraph
Yayoi Kusama (草間 彌生, Kusama Yayoi; 22 March 1929-14 August 2026) was a Japanese artist who worked primarily in sculpture and installation. She was also active in painting, performance, video art, fashion, poetry, fiction, and ot
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Paul Gauguin (Wikipedia)
Practitioners: Paul Gauguin, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Paul Gauguin, lead paragraph
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (; French: [øʒɛn ɑ̃ʁi pɔl ɡoɡɛ̃]; 7 June 1848-8 May 1903) was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer, whose work has been primarily associated with the Post-Impressionist and Symbo
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Auguste Rodin, Wikipedia
Practitioners: Auguste Rodin, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Auguste Rodin, lead paragraph
François Auguste René Rodin (; French: [fʁɑ̃swa oɡyst(ə) ʁəne ʁɔdɛ̃]; 12 November 1840-17 November 1917) was a French sculptor generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a crafts
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Gian Lorenzo Bernini, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Gian Lorenzo Bernini, lead paragraph
Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (UK: , US: ; Italian: [ˈdʒan loˈrɛntso berˈniːni]; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 1598-28 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor, architect, painter and city planner. Bernini's creativ
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Donatello (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Donatello, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Donatello, lead paragraph
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (c. 1386-13 December 1466), known mononymously as Donatello (English: ; Italian: [donaˈtɛllo]), was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture
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Alexander Calder, Wikipedia
Practitioners: Alexander Calder, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Alexander Calder, lead paragraph
Alexander Calder (; July 22, 1898, November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor known both for his innovative mobiles (kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents) that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static "stabi
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Wikipedia: Ben Enwonwu
Practitioners: Ben Enwonwu, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Ben Enwonwu, lead paragraph
Odinigwe Benedict Chukwukadibia Enwonwu MBE (14 July 1917-5 February 1994), better known as Ben Enwonwu, was a Nigerian painter and sculptor. Arguably the most influential African artist of the 20th century, his pioneering caree
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Wikipedia: El Anatsui
Practitioners: El Anatsui, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: El Anatsui, lead paragraph
El Anatsui (; born 4 February 1944) is a Ghanaian sculptor active for much of his career in Nigeria. He has drawn particular international attention for his "bottle-top installations". These installations consist of thousands of a
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Fernando Botero (Wikipedia)
Practitioners: Fernando Botero, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Fernando Botero, lead paragraph
Fernando Botero Angulo (19 April 1932-15 September 2023) was a Colombian painter and sculptor. His signature style, also known as "Boterismo", depicts people and figures in large, exaggerated volume, which can represent politica
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Camille Claudel (Wikipedia)
Practitioners: Camille Claudel, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Camille Claudel, lead paragraph
Camille Rosalie Claudel (French pronunciation: [kamij klodɛl] ; 8 December 1864-19 October 1943) was a French sculptor known for her figurative works in bronze and marble. She died in relative obscurity. Later in the 20th centur
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Louise Bourgeois - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Louise Bourgeois, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Louise Bourgeois, lead paragraph
Louise Joséphine Bourgeois (French: [lwiz buʁʒwa] ; 25 December 1911-31 May 2010) was a French-American artist. Although she is best known for her large-scale sculpture and installation art, Bourgeois was also a prolific painter
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Barbara Hepworth - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Barbara Hepworth, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Barbara Hepworth, lead paragraph
Dame Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth (10 January 1903-20 May 1975) was an English sculptor. Her work exemplifies Modernism and in particular modern sculpture. Along with artists such as Ben Nicholson and Naum Gabo, Hepworth was a leadi
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Faith Ringgold - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Faith Ringgold, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Faith Ringgold, lead paragraph
Faith Ringgold (born Faith Willi Jones; October 8, 1930, April 13, 2024) was an American painter, author, mixed media sculptor, performance artist, and intersectional activist, perhaps best known for her narrative quilts. Ringgol
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Wikidata: Joan Miró
Practitioners: Joan Miró, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Joan Miró, lead paragraph
Joan Miró i Ferrà ( mirr-OH, US also mee-ROH, Catalan: [ʒuˈam miˈɾo j fəˈra]; 20 April 1893-25 December 1983) was a Catalan painter, sculptor, and ceramicist from Spain. His work has been interpreted as Surrealist with a persona
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Amedeo Modigliani - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Amedeo Modigliani, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Amedeo Modigliani, lead paragraph
Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (US: ; Italian: [ameˈdɛːo modiʎˈʎaːni]; 12 July 1884-24 January 1920) was an Italian painter and sculptor of the École de Paris who worked mainly in France. He is known for portraits and nudes in a mod
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Phidias - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Phidias, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Phidias, lead paragraph
Phidias or Pheidias (; Ancient Greek: Φειδίας, Pheidias; c. 480, c. 430 BC) was an Ancient Greek sculptor, painter, and architect, active in the 5th century BC. His Statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the An
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Praxiteles - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Praxiteles, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Praxiteles, lead paragraph
Praxiteles (; Greek: Πραξιτέλης) of Athens, the son of Cephisodotus the Elder, was the most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue. While no ind
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Magdalena Abakanowicz - Wikipedia
Practitioners: Magdalena Abakanowicz, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Magdalena Abakanowicz, lead paragraph
Magdalena Abakanowicz (Polish pronunciation: [maɡdaˈlɛna abakaˈnɔvit͡ʂ] aba-ka-NO-vich; 20 June 1930-20 April 2017) was a Polish sculptor and fiber artist. Known for her use of textiles as a sculptural medium and for outdoor ins
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Wikipedia: Marianne Brandt
Practitioners: Marianne Brandt, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Marianne Brandt, lead paragraph
Marianne Brandt (1 October 1893-18 June 1983) was a German painter, sculptor, photographer, metalsmith, and designer who studied at the Bauhaus art school in Weimar and later became head of the Bauhaus Metall-Werkstatt (Metal Wo
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Wikipedia: Herbert Bayer
Practitioners: Herbert Bayer, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Herbert Bayer, lead paragraph
Herbert Bayer (April 5, 1900, September 30, 1985) was an Austrian and American graphic designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, art director, environmental and interior designer, and architect. He served as a design consultant
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Wikipedia: Dale Chihuly
Practitioners: Dale Chihuly, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Dale Chihuly, lead paragraph
Dale Chihuly ( chih-HOO-lee; born September 20, 1941) is an American glass artist. He is well known in the field of blown glass, "moving it into the realm of large-scale sculpture".
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Wikipedia: Toshiko Takaezu
Practitioners: Toshiko Takaezu, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Toshiko Takaezu, lead paragraph
Toshiko Takaezu (June 17, 1922, March 9, 2011) was an American ceramic artist, painter, sculptor, textile artist and educator whose body of work spanned a wide range of mediums, including ceramics, weavings, bronzes, and painting
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Wikipedia: Anish Kapoor
Practitioners: Anish Kapoor, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Anish Kapoor, lead paragraph
Sir Anish Mikhail Kapoor (born 12 March 1954) is a British Indian sculptor specializing in installation art and conceptual art. Born in Mumbai, Kapoor attended the all-boys Indian boarding school The Doon School, before moving to
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Wikipedia: Antony Gormley
Practitioners: Antony Gormley, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Antony Gormley, lead paragraph
Sir Antony Mark David Gormley (born 30 August 1950) is a British sculptor. His works include the Angel of the North, a public sculpture in Gateshead in the north of England, commissioned in 1994 and erected in February 1998; Anoth
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Wikipedia: Niki de Saint Phalle
Practitioners: Niki de Saint Phalle, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Niki de Saint Phalle, lead paragraph
Niki de Saint Phalle (French: [niki d(ə) sɛ̃ fal]; born Catherine Marie-Agnès Fal de Saint Phalle; 29 October 1930-21 May 2002) was a French American sculptor, painter, filmmaker, and author of colorful hand-illustrated books. W
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Wikidata: Honoré Daumier
Practitioners: Honoré Daumier, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Honoré Daumier, lead paragraph
Honoré-Victorin Daumier (French: [ɔnɔʁe domje]; 26 February 1808-10 or 11 February 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the Revo
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Wikipedia: Claes Oldenburg
Practitioners: Claes Oldenburg, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Claes Oldenburg, lead paragraph
Claes Oldenburg (January 28, 1929, July 18, 2022) was a Swedish-born American sculptor best known for his public art installations, typically featuring large replicas of everyday objects. Another theme in his work is soft sculptu
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Wikipedia: Louise Nevelson
Practitioners: Louise Nevelson, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Louise Nevelson, lead paragraph
Louise Nevelson (September 23, 1899, April 17, 1988) was an American sculptor known for her monumental, monochromatic, wooden wall pieces and outdoor sculptures. Born in Pereiaslav in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire
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Rosa Bonheur (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Rosa Bonheur, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Rosa Bonheur, lead paragraph
Rosa Bonheur (born Marie-Rosalie Bonheur; 16 March 1822-25 May 1899) was a French painter, sculptor and animalier. Her paintings include Ploughing in the Nivernais, first exhibited at the Salon of 1849, and now in the Musée d'Or
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Alberto Giacometti (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Alberto Giacometti, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Alberto Giacometti, lead paragraph
Alberto Giacometti (, US also , Italian: [alˈbɛrto dʒakoˈmetti]; 10 October 1901-11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker, who was one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century. His work
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Antonio Canova (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Antonio Canova, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Antonio Canova, lead paragraph
Antonio Canova (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo kaˈnɔːva]; 1 November 1757-13 October 1822) was an Italian Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures. Often regarded as the greatest of the Neoclassical artists, hi
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Jean-Antoine Houdon (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Jean-Antoine Houdon, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Jean-Antoine Houdon, lead paragraph
Jean-Antoine, chevalier Houdon (French: [ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan udɔ̃]; 20 March 1741-15 July 1828) was a French neoclassical sculptor. Houdon is famous for his portrait busts and statues of philosophers, inventors and political figures of t
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Wikidata: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
Practitioners: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, lead paragraph
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi ( bar-T(H)OL-dee, French: [fʁedeʁik oɡyst baʁtɔldi]; 2 August 1834-4 October 1904) was a French sculptor and painter. He is best known for designing Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as th
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Daniel Chester French (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Daniel Chester French, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Daniel Chester French, lead paragraph
Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850, October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His works include The Minute Man, an 1874 statue in Concord, Massachusetts, and his 1920 monumental statu
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Gutzon Borglum (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Gutzon Borglum, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Gutzon Borglum, lead paragraph
John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum (March 25, 1867, March 6, 1941) was an American sculptor best known for his work on Mount Rushmore. He is also associated with various other public works of art across the U.S., including Stone Mou
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Augusta Savage (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Augusta Savage, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Augusta Savage, lead paragraph
Augusta Savage (born Augusta Christine Fells; February 29, 1892, March 27, 1962) was an American sculptor associated with the Harlem Renaissance. She was also a teacher whose studio was important to the careers of a generation of
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Elizabeth Catlett (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Elizabeth Catlett, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Elizabeth Catlett, lead paragraph
Elizabeth Catlett, born as Alice Elizabeth Catlett, also known as Elizabeth Catlett Mora (April 15, 1915, April 2, 2012) was an American and Mexican sculptor and graphic artist best known for her depictions of the Black-American
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Aristide Maillol (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Aristide Maillol, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Aristide Maillol, lead paragraph
Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (French: [mɑjɔl]; December 8, 1861, September 27, 1944) was a French Catalan sculptor, painter, and printmaker. He began his career as a painter and developed an early interest in the decorativ
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The Waltz (Claudel) - Wikipedia
WikipediaWorks In This Form: The Waltz (Camille Claudel), lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: The Waltz (Camille Claudel), lead paragraph
The Waltz (French: La valse) or The Waltzers (French: Les valseurs) is a sculpture by the French artist Camille Claudel. It depicts two figures, a man and a woman, locked in an amorous embrace as they dance a waltz. The work was i
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Single Form - Wikipedia
WikipediaWorks In This Form: Single Form (Hepworth), lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Single Form (Hepworth), lead paragraph
Single Form (BH 325) is a monumental bronze sculpture by the British artist Barbara Hepworth. It is her largest work, and one of her most prominent public commissions, displayed since 1964 in a circular water feature that forms a
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The Kiss (Rodin sculpture) (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWorks In This Form: The Kiss (Rodin), lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: The Kiss (Rodin), lead paragraph
The Kiss (French: Le Baiser) is an 1882 marble sculpture by the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. The embracing nude couple depicted in the sculpture appeared originally as part of a group of reliefs decorating Rodin's monumental bro
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Knife Angel (Wikipedia)
Works In This Form: Knife Angel, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Knife Angel, lead paragraph
The Knife Angel (also referred to as the National Monument Against Violence & Aggression) is a contemporary sculpture formed of 100,000 knives created by artist Alfie Bradley and the British Ironworks Centre, based in Oswestry, En
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Virgin of Almudena (Wikipedia)
Works In This Form: Virgin of Almudena, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Virgin of Almudena, lead paragraph
The Virgin of Almudena (Virgen de la Almudena) is a medieval statue of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus Christ. The Virgin Mary is regarded as a patroness of Madrid, Spain, under this title. The Cathedral of Madrid is dedicated to
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Anubanini rock relief (Wikipedia)
Works In This Form: Anubanini rock relief, lead paragraph
Quote, Works In This Form: Anubanini rock relief, lead paragraph
The Anubanini petroglyph (Persian: سنگ‌نگاره آنوبانی‌نی), also called Sar-e Pol-e Zohab II or Sarpol-i Zohab relief, is a rock relief from the Akkad period (circa 2300 BC) or the Isin-Larsa period (early second millennium BC) loca
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Lorenzo Ghiberti (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Lorenzo Ghiberti, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Lorenzo Ghiberti, lead paragraph
Lorenzo Ghiberti (UK: , US: , Italian: [loˈrɛntso ɡiˈbɛrti]; né di Bartolo; 1378-1 December 1455) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence, a key figure in the Early Renaissance, best known as the creator of two sets of
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Andrea del Verrocchio (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Andrea del Verrocchio, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Andrea del Verrocchio, lead paragraph
Andrea del Verrocchio ( və-ROH-kee-oh, US also -⁠RAW-, Italian: [anˈdrɛːa del verˈrɔkkjo]; born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni; c. 1435-1488) was an Italian sculptor, painter and goldsmith who was a master of a worksho
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Naum Gabo (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Naum Gabo, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Naum Gabo, lead paragraph
Naum Gabo (born Naum Neemia Pevsner; Russian: Наум Борисович Певзнер; Hebrew: נחום נחמיה פבזנר; 5 August [O.S. 24 July] 1890-23 August 1977) was a Russian and American constructivist sculptor and theorist. He was a key figure in
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Jacob Epstein (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Jacob Epstein, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Jacob Epstein, lead paragraph
Sir Jacob Epstein (, 10 November 1880-21 August 1959) was an American and British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a British subject in 1910. E
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Duane Hanson (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Duane Hanson, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Duane Hanson, lead paragraph
Duane Hanson (January 17, 1925, January 6, 1996) was an American artist and sculptor born in Minnesota. He spent most of his career in South Florida. He was known for his life-sized realistic sculptures of people. He cast the wor
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Anthony Caro (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Anthony Caro, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Anthony Caro, lead paragraph
Sir Anthony Alfred Caro (8 March 1924-23 October 2013) was an English abstract sculptor whose work is characterised by assemblages of metal using 'found' and industrial objects. He began as a member of the modernist school, havi
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Eduardo Paolozzi (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Eduardo Paolozzi, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Eduardo Paolozzi, lead paragraph
Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi (, Italian: [paoˈlɔttsi]; 7 March 1924-22 April 2005) was a Scottish artist, known for his sculpture and graphic works. He is widely considered to be one of the pioneers of pop art.
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Marisol Escobar (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Marisol Escobar, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Marisol Escobar, lead paragraph
Marisol Escobar (May 22, 1930, April 30, 2016), otherwise known simply as Marisol, was a Venezuelan-American sculptor. She was born in Paris to Venezuelan parents and lived and worked in New York City. She held the US, Venezuelan
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Wikipedia: Benvenuto Cellini
Practitioners: Benvenuto Cellini, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Benvenuto Cellini, lead paragraph
Benvenuto Cellini (, Italian: [beɱveˈnuːto tʃelˈliːni]; 3 November 1500-13 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and author. His best-known extant works include the Cellini Salt Cellar, the sculpture of Perseus with
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Do Ho Suh (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Do Ho Suh, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Do Ho Suh, lead paragraph
Do Ho Suh (Korean: 서도호; Hanja: 徐道濩; born 1962) is a South Korean artist who works primarily in sculpture, installation, and drawing. Suh is well known for re-creating architectural structures and objects using fabric in what the a
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Max Ernst (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Max Ernst, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Max Ernst, lead paragraph
Max Ernst (; German: [ɛʁnst] 2 April 1891-1 April 1976) was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no f
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Thomas Eakins (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Thomas Eakins, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Thomas Eakins, lead paragraph
Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins (; July 25, 1844, June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important American artists. For the leng
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Giambologna (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Giambologna, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Giambologna, lead paragraph
Giambologna (1529-13 August 1608), also known as Jean de Boulogne (French), Jehan Boulongne (Flemish) and Giovanni da Bologna (Italian), was the last significant Italian Renaissance sculptor, with a large workshop producing larg
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Alexander Archipenko (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Alexander Archipenko, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Alexander Archipenko, lead paragraph
Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko (30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1887, February 25, 1964) was a Ukrainian-American avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist, active in France and the United States. He was one of the first to apply t
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Medardo Rosso (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Medardo Rosso, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Medardo Rosso, lead paragraph
Medardo Rosso (Italian: [meˈdardo ˈrosso]; 21 June 1858-31 March 1928) was an Italian sculptor. He is considered, like his contemporary and admirer Auguste Rodin, to have been an artist working in a post-Impressionist style.
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Polykleitos (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Polykleitos, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Polykleitos, lead paragraph
Polykleitos (; Ancient Greek: Πολύκλειτος) was an ancient Greek sculptor, active in the 5th century BCE. Alongside the Athenian sculptors Pheidias, Myron and Praxiteles, he is considered as one of the most important sculptors of c
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Luca della Robbia (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Luca della Robbia, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Luca della Robbia, lead paragraph
Luca della Robbia (, also US: , Italian: [ˈluːka della ˈrobbja, - ˈrɔb-]; 1399/1400-1482) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence. Della Robbia is noted for his colorful, tin-glazed terracotta statuary, a technique that
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Frederic Remington (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationPractitioners: Frederic Remington, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Frederic Remington, lead paragraph
Frederic Sackrider Remington (October 4, 1861, December 26, 1909) was an American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer who specialized in the genre of Western American Art. His works are known for depicting the Western Unit
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Antonio Gherardi (Wikipedia)
Practitioners: Antonio Gherardi, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Antonio Gherardi, lead paragraph
Antonio Gherardi (Il Reatino) (20 September 1638-10 May 1702) was an Italian painter, architect, and sculptor (stuccoist) of the Baroque style, active mainly in and near Rome and his native city of Rieti.
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Luis Desangles (Wikipedia)
Practitioners: Luis Desangles, lead paragraph
Quote, Practitioners: Luis Desangles, lead paragraph
Luis Desangles Lubiles (8 February 1861-13 April 1940) was a Dominican painter, sculptor, and educator born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Instructor to many of the great native artists of the era, Desangles is remembered
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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the two basic sculpting techniques?

Sculpture is made either by carving, removing material to reveal a form, or by modeling and casting, shaping a soft material and often casting it in a harder one.

Sculpture is made either by carving, removing material such as stone or wood to reveal a form, or by modeling and casting, building up or shaping a plastic material such as clay or wax and often casting the result in bronze or another durable medium. Assemblage and welding add a third approach, joining prefabricated or found materials rather than carving or casting them.

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